Guidelines and Resources

Atrial Fibrillation

CHF

Hypertension

Pulmonary Hypertension

Primary Literature

Stable CAD

  • COURAGE - Optimal Medical Therapy with or without PCI for Stable Coronary Disease - NEJM 2007
  • SYNTAX - Percutaneous Coronary Intervention versus Coronary-Artery Bypass Grafting for Severe Coronary Artery Disease - NEJM 2009
  • STICH - Coronary-Artery Bypass Surgery in Patients with Left Ventricular Dysfunction - NEJM 2011
  • ORBITA - Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Stable Angina - Lancet 2018
  • ISCHEMIA - Initial Invasive or Conservative Strategy for Stable Coronary Disease - NEJM 2020
  • REVIVED-BCIS 2 - Percutaneous Revascularization for Ischemic Left Ventricular Dysfunction - NEJM 2022
  • ORBITA 2 - A Placebo-Controlled Trial of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Stable Angina - NEJM 2023
  • SELECT - Semaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Obesity without Diabetes - NEJM 2023
  • PREVENT - Preventive Percutaneous Coronary Intervention versus Optimal Medical Therapy Alone for the Treatment of Vulnerable Atherosclerotic Coronary Plaques - Lancet 2024
  • SURPASS-CVOT - Cardiovascular Outcomes with Tirzepatide versus Dulaglutide in Type 2 Diabetes - NEJM 2025
  • PROMISE - Survival After Initial Stress Testing vs Anatomic Testing in Suspected Coronary Artery Disease - JAMA Cardiology 2025

ACS

  • Personal TIMI Trial Notes
  • PLATO - Ticagrelor versus Clopidogrel in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndromes - NEJM 2009
  • PLATO Criticisms - BMJ 2024
  • ISAR-REACT 5 - Ticagrelor or Prasugrel in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndromes - NEJM 2019
  • SENIOR-RITA - Invasive Treatment Strategy for Older Patients with Myocardial Infarction - NEJM 2024
  • REBOOT-CNIC - Beta-Blockers after Myocardial Infarction without Reduced Ejection Fraction - NEJM 2025
  • BETAMI-DANBLOCK - Beta-Blockers after Myocardial Infarction in Patients without Heart Failure - NEJM 2025
  • TUXEDO-2 - Ticagrelor vs Prasugrel in Patients With Diabetes and Multivessel Coronary Artery Disease - JAMA Cardiology 2025
  • AQUATIC - Aspirin in Patients with Chronic Coronary Syndrome Receiving Oral Anticoagulation - NEJM 2025

Dyslipidemia

  • IMPROVE-IT - Ezetimibe Added to Statin Therapy after Acute Coronary Syndromes - NEJM 2015
  • FOURIER - Evolocumab and Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease - NEJM 2017
  • ODYSSEY - Alirocumab and Cardiovascular Outcomes after Acute Coronary Syndrome - NEJM 2018
  • VESALIUS-CV - Evolocumab in Patients without a Previous Myocardial Infarction or Stroke - NEJM 2025
  • CORALreef - A Placebo-Controlled Trial of the Oral PCSK9 Inhibitor Enlicitide - NEJM 2025

Atrial Fibrillation

Stroke Prophylaxis

  • RE-LY - Dabigatran versus Warfarin in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation - NEJM 2009
  • ARISTOTLE - Apixaban versus Warfarin in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation - NEJM 2011
  • ROCKET-AF - Rivaroxaban versus Warfarin in Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation - NEJM 2011
  • ENGAGE-AF - Edoxaban versus Warfarin in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation - NEJM 2013
  • INVICTUS - Rivaroxaban in Rheumatic Heart Disease–Associated Atrial Fibrillation - NEJM 2022
  • ARTESIA - Apixaban for Stroke Prevention in Subclinical Atrial Fibrillation - NEJM 2023

Rhythm Control

  • EAST-AFNET 4 - Early Rhythm-Control Therapy in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation - NEJM 2020

Antithrombotic Strategy After Ablation

  • OPTION - Left Atrial Appendage Closure after Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation - NEJM 2024
  • OCEAN - Antithrombotic Therapy after Successful Catheter Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation - NEJM 2025
  • ALONE-AF - Long-Term Anticoagulation Discontinuation After Catheter Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation - JAMA 2025

Left Atrial Appendage Closure

  • PROTECT-AF - Percutaneous closure of the left atrial appendage versus warfarin therapy for prevention of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation - Lancet 2009
  • PREVAIL - Prospective Randomized Evaluation of the Watchman Left Atrial Appendage Closure Device in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Versus Long-Term Warfarin Therapy - JACC 2014
  • PRAGUE-17 - Left Atrial Appendage Closure Versus Direct Oral Anticoagulants in High-Risk Patients With Atrial Fibrillation - JACC 2020
  • CLOSURE-AF - Left Atrial Appendage Closure or Medical Therapy in Atrial Fibrillation - NEJM 2026
  • CHAMPION-AF - Left Atrial Appendage Closure or Anticoagulation for Atrial Fibrillation - NEJM 2026

CHF

HFrEF

  • PARADIGM-HF - Angiotensin–Neprilysin Inhibition versus Enalapril in Heart Failure - NEJM 2014
  • DAPA-HF - Dapagliflozin in Patients with Heart Failure and Reduced Ejection Fraction - NEJM 2019
  • TRED-HF - Withdrawal of Pharmacological Treatment for Heart Failure in Patients with Recovered Dilated Cardiomyopathy - Lancet 2019
  • EMPEROR-REDUCED - Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes with Empagliflozin in Heart Failure - NEJM 2020
  • DIGIT-HF - Digitoxin in Patients with Heart Failure and Reduced Ejection Fraction - NEJM 2024
  • WITHDRAW-HF - Withdrawal of Heart Failure Therapy after Atrial Fibrillation Rhythm Control with Ejection Fraction Normalization - EHJ 2025

HFpEF

  • TOPCAT - Spironolactone for Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction - NEJM 2014
  • PARAGON-HF - Angiotensin–Neprilysin Inhibition in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction - NEJM 2019
  • EMPEROR-PRESERVED - Empagliflozin in Heart Failure with a Preserved Ejection Fraction - NEJM 2021
  • DELIVER - Dapagliflozin in Heart Failure with Mildly Reduced or Preserved Ejection Fraction - NEJM 2022
  • TOPCAT Regional Differences and Controversies - NEJM Evidence 2022
  • STEP-HFpEF - Semaglutide in Patients with Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction and Obesity - NEJM 2023
  • FINEARTS-HF - Finerenone in Heart Failure with Mildly Reduced or Preserved Ejection Fraction - NEJM 2024
  • SUMMIT - Tirzepatide for Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction and Obesity - NEJM 2024

Electrophysiology